Constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway impairs vitamin D signaling in human prostate epithelial cells.

Riferimento: 
J Cell Physiol. 2010Aug;224(2):433-42.
Autori: 
Zhang Z, Kovalenko P, Cui M, Desmet M, Clinton SK, Fleet JC.
Fonte: 
J Cell Physiol. 2010Aug;224(2):433-42.
Anno: 
2010
Azione: 
Un contributo comune per lo sviluppo del cancro alla prostata è l'attivazione prolungata della protein-chinasi mitogeno-attivata (MAPK), in parte dovuto alla fosforilazione degli aminoacidi nel recettore retinoide X (RXR) nella funzione di attivazione 1 (AF-1).
Target: 
RXR/cancro alla prostata.

We studied the effect of prolonged activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling on 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) action in the immortalized human prostate epithelial cell line RWPE1 and its Ki-Ras transformed clone RWPE2. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)- treatment caused growth arrest and induced gene expression in both cell lines but the response was blunted in RWPE2 cells. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels were lower in RWPE2 cells but VDR over-expression did not increase vitamin-D-mediated gene transcription in either cell line. In contrast, MAPK inhibition restored normal vitamin D transcriptional responses in RWPE2 cells and MAPK activation with constitutively active MEK1R4F reduced vitamin-D-regulated transcription in RWPE1 cells. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-mediated transcription depends upon the VDR and its heterodimeric partner the retinoid X receptor (RXR) so we studied whether changes in the VDR- RXR transcription complex occur in response to MAPK activation. Mutation of putative
phosphorylation sites in the activation function 1 (AF-1) domain (S32A, T82A) of RXRalpha restored 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-mediated transactivation in RWPE2 cells. Mammalian two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed a vitamin-D-independent interaction between steroid receptor co-activator-1 (SRC-1) and RXRalpha that was reduced by MAPK activation and was restored in RWPE2 cells by mutating S32 and T82 in the RXRalpha AF-1 domain. Our data show that a common contributor to cancer development, prolonged activation of MAPK signaling,
impairs 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-mediated transcription in prostate epithelial cells. This is due in part to the phosphorylation of critical amino acids in the RXRalpha AF-1 domain and impaired co-activator recruitment.

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